The Jews of post-World War I Iraq saw themselves as patriots of the new state, and the Jewish intelligentsia shared ideas of Arab nationalism. Several factors made the Arab elites regard the Jews as a problematic minority and put their Iraqi identities into question: the growing popularity of Zionism, Arab nationalism, and communism, which began to spread among both Muslim and Jewish youth. In the late 1930s the anti-colonial (i.e. anti-British) struggle, growing conflation of Judaism with Zionism, and Nazi propaganda led to a rise in anti-Jewish sentiments. These erupted in the "Farhud", a series of anti-Jewish riots in Baghdad in June 1941, during which ca. 180 Jews were killed. The Baghdad riots were followed by anti-Jewish excesses in Diwaniyya, Basra, Hila, and elsewhere. The authorities suppressed the riots, and a large number of pogromists were killed. Against the background of the Jewish-Arab conflict in Palestine in 1946-51, Iraqi Muslims increasingly identified the Jews with Zionism. The situation for the Jews became unbearable because of their social ostracism and outright discrimination, restrictions, and growing antisemitism. When a new government introduced a denationalization law for the Jews who wished to emigrate; the anti-Jewish atmosphere in the country, repressions, and the hysteria of fear for their future caused a great majority of the Jews to leave.

Between 1949 and 1951, 123,000 Iraqi Jews immigrated to the newly established Israeli state. Lacking the resources to absorb them all, the Israeli government resettled them in maabarot , or transit camps, relegating them to poverty. In the tents and shacks of the camps, their living conditions were squalid and unsanitary. Basic necessities like water were in short supply, when they were available at all. Rather than returning to a homeland as native sons, Iraqi Jews were newcomers in a foreign place. Impossible Exodus tells the story of these Iraqi Jews' first decades in Israel. Faced with ill treatment and discrimination from state officials, Iraqi Jews resisted: they joined Israeli political parties, demonstrated in the streets, and fought for the education of their children, leading a civil rights struggle whose legacy continues to influence contemporary debates in Israel. Orit Bashkin sheds light on their everyday lives and their determination in a new country, uncovering their long, painful transformation from Iraqi to Israeli. In doing so, she shares the resilience and humanity of a community whose story has yet to be told.