This book was ground-breaking for its time because of Freedberg's insistence on a new? approach to the study of images that focused on writing biographies of particular images which highlighted the historical and locally constructed responses, and what those responses could tell us about the psychology of the human response to images generally, rather than the more "traditional" art-historical aesthetic analysis approach. "Power of Images" is organized thematically with topics such as versimiltude, iconoclasm, and desire played out in front of the eyes of particular representative images. One of best aspects of this book is how clearly Freedberg takes seriously the notion of "presence" in images. The biggest limitation of this book is that it is almost completely bereft of information on non-pre-Enlightenment-European-Christian images. Rather than recusing himself from treating say Thai amulets, Freedberg overextends his conclusions in an unfortunately totalizing metanarrative. To be specific, I disagree with his brief rejoinder aimed at Stanley Tambiah's "Buddhist Saints of the Forest and the Cult of Amulets," and generally, I think many of Freedberg's conclusions would map poorly onto Tibetan or Japanese sacred statuary. In conclusion, I would still highly recommend this as a first-book for someone who wants to either learn about how to begin thinking about (religious) imagery and our responses to it, or someone who is looking for a wealth of short biographies and references to information on some of the most famous European Christian images.

Some years ago, David Freedberg opened a dusty cupboard at Windsor Castle and discovered hundreds of vividly colored, masterfully precise drawings of all sorts of plants and animals from the Old and New Worlds. Coming upon thousands more drawings like them across Europe, Freedberg finally traced them all back to a little-known scientific organization from seventeenth-century Italy called the Academy of Linceans (or Lynxes). Founded by Prince Federico Cesi in 1603, the Linceans took as their task nothing less than the documentation and classification of all of nature in pictorial form. In this first book-length study of the Linceans to appear in English, Freedberg focuses especially on their unprecedented use of drawings based on microscopic observation and other new techniques of visualization. Where previous thinkers had classified objects based mainly on similarities of external appearance, the Linceans instead turned increasingly to sectioning, dissection, and observation of internal structures. They applied their new research techniques to an incredible variety of subjects, from the objects in the heavens studied by their most famous (and infamous) member Galileo Galilei—whom they supported at the most critical moments of his career—to the flora and fauna of Mexico, bees, fossils, and the reproduction of plants and fungi. But by demonstrating the inadequacy of surface structures for ordering the world, the Linceans unwittingly planted the seeds for the demise of their own favorite method—visual description-as a mode of scientific classification. Profusely illustrated and engagingly written, Eye of the Lynx uncovers a crucial episode in the development of visual representation and natural history. And perhaps as important, it offers readers a dazzling array of early modern drawings, from magnificently depicted birds and flowers to frogs in amber, monstrously misshapen citrus fruits, and more.

Art in History/History in Art: Studies in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Culture considers the potential for a reciprocally illuminating relationship between art history and history in light of recent methodological developments in both fields. The volume opens with contributions from a historian and an art historian; they examine the weaknesses of an art history without a social or economic history and lay the groundwork for the ensuing discussions of how the procedures and methods of each discipline may serve the aims of the other. A wide critique of approaches to the interpretation of realism in Dutch pictures forms the second section of the book. Included are critical views of recent iconographic developments, as well as contributions by a plant taxonomist and a marine historian. In the volume's third section new statistical and numerical models for the study of Dutch art in Dutch society are presented by three economic historians. The concluding essay provides a constructive critique of existing methodologies within each field. Art in History/History in Art: Studies in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Culture offers the most secure basis to date for future work on the interaction between the two disciplines and between the content of pictures and the cultures that produce them.