"Elgar Advanced Introductions are stimulating and thoughtful introductions to major fields in the social sciences, business and law, expertly written by the world's leading scholars. Designed to be accessible yet rigorous, they offer concise and lucid surveys of the substantive and policy issues associated with discrete subject areas. This essential Advanced Introduction provides an overview of the principles and practices of sentencing adult offenders in common law countries such as the UK, the USA, Australia, New Zealand, Singapore and South Africa. It explores how sentencing authority is distributed and the rationale and methods behind sentencing. Adopting a multijurisdictional approach, Arie Freiberg and Julian Roberts examine the factors that common law courts consider when sentencing. They outline a variety of aggravating and mitigating circumstances, investigate how judges make their decisions and how guidance is provided to judges by various bodies including legislatures, appellate courts and sentencing commissions. The book further identifies the extensive range of sanctions that are available to courts, analysing their effectiveness and efficiency. Key Features: - Detailed coverage of all aspects of sentencing - International research across a range of common law jurisdictions. - Presents valuable insights drawn from the authors' experiences of working on sentencing commissions and councils in common law jurisdictions over the past five decades. Scholars and students of law, criminology, penology and public policy will greatly benefit from this highly informative Advanced Introduction. It is also a vital resource for practitioners and policymakers in criminal law and justice"--

Regulation in Australia is the successor to Freiberg’s well-received title The Tools of Regulation published in 2010. This substantially enlarged work adopts an expansive approach to government regulation, viewing it as an arm of public policy that provides an understanding of what governments do and how they do it, rather than as a technical exercise in rule-making and compliance. Over 17 chapters, Regulation in Australia provides a comprehensive analysis of the nature of regulation, its historical origins in Australia and its development over the past two centuries, why governments regulate and who regulates whom at the federal, state and local government levels. Management of the regulatory process, the principles of good regulation and red tape in regulation are examined. The role of soft law, prescriptive, performance-based and principle-based regulation, as well as the use of rewards and incentives in regulation is also explored. How governments use economic, transactional informational and structural regulatory tools and authority tools is extensively discussed. The book examines why people or organisations do or do not comply, what enforcement measures can be used in the event of non-compliance and broad regulatory strategies used by governments.