The bible gives the impression that all ancient Jews shared a common belief system with only an occasional group straying from the fold. The evidence paints a different picture. As Dr Patai states, "it would be strange if the Hebrew-Jewish religion, which flourished for centuries in a region of intensive goddess cults, had remained immune to them." Archeologists have uncovered Hebrew settlements where the goddesses Asherah & Astarte-Anath were routinely worshipped. In fact, we find that for about 3000 years, the Hebrews worshipped female deities which were later eradicated only by extreme pressure of a male priesthood. Then there's the matter of the Cherubim that sat atop the Ark of the Covenant in the Holy of Holies. Fashioned by Phoenician craftsmen for Solomon & Ahab, an ivory tablet shows two winged females facing each other. One tablet shows male & female Cherubim embracing in an explicitly sexual position that embarrassed later Jewish historians. Even pagans were shocked when they saw it for the 1st time. This cult of the feminine goddess, tho often repressed, remained a part of the faith of the Jewish people. Goddesses answered the need for mother, lover, queen, intercessor & even today, lingers cryptically in the traditional Hebrew Sabbath invocation.--Utnapishtim (edited) Acknowledgments Introduction The Goddess Asherah Astarte-Anath The Cherubim The Shekhina The Kabbalistic Tetrad Matronit-The Goddess of the Kabbala Lilith The Sabbath-Virgin, Bride, Queen & Goddess Conclusion Appendix: The Goddess in the Dura Synagogue Notes Bibliography Index

In this monumental work, Raphael Patai opens up an entirely new field of cultural history by tracing Jewish alchemy from antiquity to the nineteenth century. Until now there has been little attention given to the significant role that Jews played in the field of alchemy. Here, drawing on an enormous range of previously unexplored sources, Patai reveals that Jews were major players in what was for centuries one of humanity's most compelling intellectual obsessions.

Here the late Raphael Patai (1910-1996) recreates the fascinating world of Jewish seafaring from Noah's voyage through the Diaspora of late antiquity. In a work of pioneering scholarship, Patai weaves together Biblical stories, Talmudic lore, and Midrash literature to bring alive the world of these ancient mariners. As he did in his highly acclaimed book The Jewish Alchemists, Patai explores a subject that has never before been investigated by scholars. Based on nearly sixty years of research, beginning with study he undertook for his doctoral dissertation, The Children of Noah is literally Patai's first book and his last. It is a work of unsurpassed scholarship, but it is accessible to general readers as well as scholars.An abundance of evidence demonstrates the importance of the sea in the lives of Jews throughout early recorded history. Jews built ships, sailed them, fought wars in them, battled storms in them, and lost their lives to the sea. Patai begins with the story of the deluge that is found in Genesis and profiles Noah, the father of all shipbuilders and seafarers. The sea, according to Patai's interpretation, can be seen as an image of the manifestation of God's power, and he reflects on its role in legends and tales of early times. The practical importance of the sea also led to the development of practical institutions, and Patai shows how Jewish seafaring had its own culture and how it influenced the cultures of Mediterranean life as well. Of course, Jewish sailors were subject to the same rabbinical laws as Jews who never set sail, and Patai describes how they went to extreme lengths to remain in adherence, even getting special emendations of laws to allow them to tie knots and adjust rigging on the Sabbath.The Children of Noah is a capstone to an extraordinary career. Patai was both a careful scholar and a gifted storyteller, and this work is at once a vivid history of a neglected aspect of Jewish culture and a treasure trove of sources for further study. It is a stimulating and delightful book.

A comprehensive history of the Jews in Hungary from the Roman period up to the present. Describes, inter alia, legal restrictions on the Jews in the 11th-14th centuries; the expulsion of the Jews from Hungary in 1360 under King Lajos I; the blood libel in Nagysombat in 1494; the massacre of Jews in Buda by the Hungarian and Brandenburg armies in 1686, after recapturing the city from the Turks. Ch. 31 (pp. 347-357), "Istoczy and Tiszaeszlar, " deals with the first blood libel case in Hungary in the 19th century. Chs. 36-39 (pp. 442-534) deal with intellectual and political antisemitism in Hungary in the early 20th century (before 1938), including the period of Horthy's White Terror and the numerus clausus in Hungarian universities. Chs. 40-44 (pp. 535-595) deal with the anti-Jewish laws of 1938-39 and the Holocaust in Hungary. Notes that antisemitism did not disappear in Hungary after 1945. Contends that antisemitism in Hungary in the 20th century not only almost destroyed the highly acculturated Jewish community, but also harmed Hungarian culture, to which many Jews contributed.