2021 Reprint of the 1940 Edition. Translated by Bertram D. Wolfe. Facsimile of the original edition and not reproduced with Optical Recognition Software. In this short work the author criticizes the Bolsheviks and presents a prescient warning of their dictatorship. Nonetheless, she continued to call for a "dictatorship of the proletariat", albeit not of the one-party Bolshevik model. In that context, she wrote the words "Freiheit ist immer die Freiheit des Andersdenkenden" ("Freedom is always the freedom of the one who thinks differently") and continues in the same chapter: "The public life of countries with limited freedom is so poverty-stricken, so miserable, so rigid, so unfruitful, precisely because, through the exclusion of democracy, it cuts off the living sources of all spiritual riches and progress". Bolshevik theorists such as Vladimir Lenin and Leon Trotsky responded to this criticism by arguing that Luxemburg's notions were classical Marxist ones, but they could not be applied to Russia of 1917. They stated that the lessons of actual experience such as the confrontation with the bourgeois parties had forced them to revise the Marxian strategy.

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2015 Reprint of 1951 Edition. Full facsimile of the original edition. Not reproduced with Optical Recognition Software. First published in 1913 and generally held to be her finest achievement, this volume reveals Luxemburg as a Marxist critical of Karl Marx. It offers a theory of the dynamic development of capitalism which is of continued relevance to contemporary scholarship. Taking Marx as her starting point, she offers an independent and fiercely critical explanation of the economic and political consequences of capitalism in the context of the turbulent times in which she lived, reinterpreting events in the United States, Europe, China, Russia and the British Empire. Most today believe there is no alternative to global capitalism. This book is a timely and forceful statement of an opposing view. Rosa Luxemburg was born in 1870 in Russian Poland. She was murdered in Germany while on way to prison. Contains an introduction by Joan Robinson.

Rosa Luxemburg (1871-1919) war eine einflussreiche Vertreterin der europäischen Arbeiterbewegung, des Marxismus, Antimilitarismus und "proletarischen Internationalismus". Aus dem Buch: "Die Nationalökonomie ist eine merkwürdige Wissenschaft. Die Schwierigkeit und der Streit der Meinungen beginnt schon bei dem ersten Schritt, den man auf ihr Gebiet tut, schon bei der allerelementarsten Frage: Was ist der eigentliche Gegenstand dieser Wissenschaft. Der einfache Arbeiter, der nur eine ganz vage Vorstellung davon hat, was die Nationalökonomie lehrt, wird seine Unklarheit der eigenen mangelhaften allgemeinen Bildung zuschreiben. Doch teilt er sein Mißgeschick diesmal in gewissem Sinne mit vielen gelehrten Doktoren und Professoren, die über die Nationalökonomie dickbändige Werke schreiben und Vorlesungen für die studierende Jugend an den Universitäten halten. So unglaubwürdig es klingt, so ist es doch Tatsache, daß die meisten Fachgelehrten der Nationalökonomie einen sehr verschwommenen Begriff davon haben, was der wirkliche Gegenstand ihrer Gelehrsamkeit ist."