Uses popular literary material - sermons, novels, journals, etc. - to show the growth of a German-Jewish ideology and subculture in the first half of the 19th century. Argues that this subculture was the response of the Jewish minority to partial political emancipation and social integration. It was partial since Jews could not deny their religious and national identity, and German society was not willing to accept them even if they did so. Although designed to foster integration, the German-Jewish subculture encouraged the growth of a new identity, and thus greater separatism.