FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS by Walter Rudin
Functional analysis is the study of certain topological-algebraic structures and of the methods by which knowledge of these structures can be applied to analytic problems. A good introductory text on this subject should include a presentation of its axiomatics (i.e., of the general theory of topological vector spaces), it should treat at least a few topics in some depth, and it should contain some interesting applications to other branches of mathematics. I hope that the present book meets these criteria. The subject is huge and is growing rapidly. (The bibliography in volume I of [4] contains 96 pages and goes only to 1957.) In order to write a book of moderate size, it was therefore necessary to select certain areas and to ignore others. I fully realize that almost any expert who looks at the table of contents will find that some of his or her (and my) favorite topics are missing, but this seems unavoidable. It was not my intention to write an encyclopedic treatise. I wanted to write a book that would open the way to further exploration. This is the reason for omitting many of the more esoteric topics that might have been included in the presentation of the general theory of topo-logical vector spaces. For instance, there is no discussion of uniform spaces, of Moore-Smith convergence, of nets, or of filters. The notion of complete-ness occurs only in the context of metric spaces. Bornological spaces are not mentioned, nor are barreled ones. Duality is of course presented, but not in its utmost generality. Integration of vector-valued functions is treated strictly as a tool; attention is confined to continuous integrands, with values in a Frechet space. Nevertheless, the material of Part I is fully adequate for almost all applications to concrete problems. And this is what ought to be stressed in such a course: