Moritz Pasch (1843-1930) is justly celebrated as a key figure in the history of axiomatic geometry. Less well known are his contributions to other areas of foundational research. This volume features English translations of 14 papers Pasch published in the decade 1917-1926. In them, Pasch argues that geometry and, more surprisingly, number theory are branches of empirical science; he provides axioms for the combinatorial reasoning essential to Hilbert’s program of consistency proofs; he explores "implicit definition" (a generalization of definition by abstraction) and indicates how this technique yields an "empiricist" reconstruction of set theory; he argues that we cannot fully understand the logical structure of mathematics without clearly distinguishing between decidable and undecidable properties; he offers a rare glimpse into the mind of a master of axiomatics, surveying in detail the thought experiments he employed as he struggled to identify fundamental mathematical principles; and much more. This volume will: Give English speakers access to an important body of work from a turbulent and pivotal period in the history of mathematics, help us look beyond the familiar triad of formalism, intuitionism, and logicism, show how deeply we can see with the help of a guide determined to present fundamental mathematical ideas in ways that match our human capacities, will be of interest to graduate students and researchers in logic and the foundations of mathematics.

"All Things Are Possible" is a philosophical work by Lev Shestov, a Russian existentialist philosopher, first published in 1905 under the pseudonym J. I. Ivanov. The book is a collection of aphoristic essays and reflections that delve into Shestov's critique of rationalism, his exploration of the irrational aspects of existence, and his advocacy for the primacy of personal freedom and faith over rational thought and universal truths. Shestov argues that conventional philosophy and science seek to impose order and rationality on the chaos of existence, thereby limiting the infinite possibilities inherent in life. He posits that true knowledge and understanding come from a personal and existential confrontation with the unknown, where all things are possible for those who reject the constraints of rationality and dogma. The book challenges the reader to question the foundations of their beliefs and to embrace the uncertainty and absurdity of life. Shestov's work is a call to intellectual and spiritual liberation, urging individuals to break free from the confines of established norms and to explore the depths of their own existence without fear. "All Things Are Possible" is notable for its intense, passionate prose and its influence on later existentialist thinkers. It remains a seminal work for those interested in existential philosophy, the critique of rationalism, and the exploration of the existential dimensions of faith and despair.

In "Anthropology and social theory" the award-winning anthropologist Sherry B. Ortner draws on her longstanding interest in theories of cultural practice to rethink key concepts of culture, agency, and subjectivity for the social sciences of the twenty-first century. The seven theoretical and interpretive essays in this volume each advocate reconfiguring, rather than abandoning, the concept of culture. Similarly, they all suggest that a theory which depends on the interested action of social beings - specifically practice theory, associated especially with the work of Pierre Bourdieu - requires a more developed notion of human agency and a richer conception of human subjectivity. Ortner shows how social theory must both build upon and move beyond classic practice theory in order to understand the contemporary world. Some of the essays reflect explicitly on theoretical concerns: the relationship between agency and power, the problematic quality of ethnographic studies of resistance, and the possibility of producing an anthropology of subjectivity. Others are ethnographic studies that apply Ortner's theoretical framework. In these, she investigates aspects of social class, looking at the relationship between race and middle-class identity in the United States, the often invisible nature of class as a cultural identity and as an analytical category in social inquiry, and the role that public culture and media play in the creation of the class anxieties of Generation X. Written with Ortner's characteristic lucidity, these essays constitute a major statement about the future of social theory from one of the leading anthropologists of our time.

Edmund Husserl's Origin of Geometry": An Introduction (1962) is Jacques Derrida's earliest published work. In this commentary-interpretation of the famous appendix to Husserl's The Crisis of European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology, Derrida relates writing to such key concepts as differing, consciousness, presence, and historicity. Starting from Husserl's method of historical investigation, Derrida gradually unravels a deconstructive critique of phenomenology itself, which forms the foundation for his later criticism of Western metaphysics as a metaphysics of presence. The complete text of Husserl's Origin of Geometry is included.

In this provocative new book, France’s leading feminist theorist launches a broadside against the way in which feminism has evolved since the 1990s. After the victories of the previous decades, during which women had made some real advances in social and political life, a new sensibility began to emerge in the 1990s which led to a reversal in the hierarchy of values. The cult of victimhood has become widespread and has affected feminism. Women are viewed as defenceless and oppressed, social violence and sexual violence are treated as the same and a finger is pointed at the guilty one: man in all his guises. But by conflating real and false victims, feminism runs the risk of misunderstanding the battles that need to be waged and of losing all credibility with the younger generation, which doesn’t see things see things this way. Preoccupied by putting men on trial, the feminism of the last few years has reactivated old stereotypes and left behind the very battles that have long been its raison d’être – this, argues Badinter, is a dead end. A huge bestseller in France, this book will be essential reading for anyone interested in the changing relations between the sexes and our ways of thinking about sex and gender today.

Published with the aid of a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities. Contains the only complete English-language text of The Concept of Truth in Formalized Languages. Tarski made extensive corrections and revisions of the original translations for this edition, along with new historical remarks. It includes a new preface and a new analytical index for use by philosophers and linguists as well as by historians of mathematics and philosophy.

"Abraham Joshua Heschel (1907-1972) was a prolific scholar, impassioned theologian, and prominent activist who participated in the black civil rights movement and the campaign against the Vietnam War. He has been hailed as a hero, honored as a visionary, and endlessly quoted as a devotional writer. In this sympathetic, yet critical, examination, Shai Held elicits the overarching themes and unity of Heschel's incisive and insightful thought. Focusing on the idea of transcendence - or the movement from self-centeredness to God-centeredness - Held puts Heschel into dialogue with contemporary Jewish thinkers, Christian theologians, devotional writers, and philosophers of religion"--From publisher's website

Sobibor traces the life of Berek (later Bernard) Schlesinger from his Polish shtetl childhood to his life during the Holocaust - hiding in the woods, finding refuge with non-Jews, confinement in Sobibor, escape during the uprising, working with partisans' documents. A physician after the war, he follows a relentless, unfulfilled pursuit of retribution for Nazi war criminals through the courts. The Sobibor uprising and its leaders, Alexander Pechersky, are pivotal to the novel. The author, Michael Lev, a product of Soviet Jewish culture, avoids loud rhetoric and heroic pathos, keeping the narration within the limits of realism. A flowing, masterful read.

"Ressentiment" by Max Scheler delves into the psychological and philosophical underpinnings of resentment as a fundamental human emotion. Scheler explores how ressentiment arises in individuals who feel powerless and oppressed, leading to a moral inversion where they vilify the values of those they envy. This work is significant in understanding the dynamics of social relationships and the impact of feelings of inferiority on moral judgments. Scheler's insights into the nature of ressentiment provide a critical lens through which to examine personal and societal conflicts. *** In this book, Scheler also contrasts ressentiment with authentic values, emphasizing the importance of love and empathy in overcoming negative emotions. He argues that ressentiment can lead to destructive behaviors and societal decay, as it fosters a culture of blame and victimhood. By analyzing the roots of ressentiment, Scheler encourages readers to reflect on their own emotional responses and the broader implications for society. His philosophical approach invites a deeper understanding of how feelings of resentment can shape moral landscapes and interpersonal dynamics.

Max Picard’s philosophy of silence, presence, and resistance to conformity finds resonance with contemporary discussion on mindfulness, minimalism, and the pursuit of meaning. His insights remind us of the importance of slowing down, seeking solitude, and engaging with the world in a thoughtful and intentional manner. As a philosopher and writer whose contributions to the fields of aesthetics, philosophy of religion, and existentialism have left an indelible mark on intellectual discourse. Initially published in 1948, his book (‘Die Weit des Schweigens’) - ‘The World of Silence’ explored the intricate relationship between silence and speech. In this book, Picard crafts a masterpiece that remains relevant even in our hyper-connected world.

Drawing from the works of many influential writers, the author creates a detailed picture of modern man

Includes 20 distinguished contemporary writers who have connected with nature & learned why we are inextricably attached to it. In "Against Nature," Joyce Carol Oates explains why writers generally resist nature as a topic. Diane Ackerman swims with a right whale & her calf. John McPhee explores the mystery of the Loch Ness monster & the people who obsess over it. Sherry Simpson looks at the conflict-riddled business of trapping & killing Alaskan wolves. Also, essays by: Mark Doty, Barry Lopez, Vaclav Havel, Bill Bryson, Deborah Archer, Sue Ellen Campbell, Leslie Leyland Fields, John Hales, Hal Herring, Edward Hoagland, Kurt Hoelting, Paul Lindholdt, Leslie Roberts, Lucy Wilson Sherman, & Sandi Wisenberg.

The role of the Sunagogue in Jewish life today.

-- Journal of Aesthetics and Art

Die Großstädte und das Geistesleben ist ein 1903 erschienener Aufsatz des Soziologen Georg Simmel, mit dem dieser die Grundlagen der Stadtsoziologie schuf. Das tiefste Problem des modernen Lebens ist nach Georg Simmel der Anspruch des Individuums nach der Selbstständigkeit und Eigenart seines Daseins gegen die Übermächte der Gesellschaft, das geschichtlich Ererbte der äußerlichen Kultur und Technik des Lebens zu bewahren. Der Großstädter ist - im Gegensatz zum Kleinstädter - einer "Steigerung des Nervenlebens" ausgesetzt. Darin besteht die Basis für den Typus großstädtischer Individualität. Georg Simmel (1858-1918) war ein deutscher Philosoph und Soziologe. Er leistete wichtige Beiträge zur Kulturphilosophie, war Begründer der "formalen Soziologie" und der Konfliktsoziologie. Simmel stand in der Tradition der Lebensphilosophie, aber auch der des Neukantianismus.

In this acclaimed work, first published in 1986, world-renowned scholar Arthur C. Danto explored the inextricably linked but often misunderstood relationship between art and philosophy. In light of the book's impact--especially the essay "The End of Art," which dramatically announced that art ended in the 1960s--this enhanced edition includes a foreword by Jonathan Gilmore that discusses how scholarship has changed in response to it. Complete with a new bibliography of work on and influenced by Danto's ideas,The Philosophical Disenfranchisement of Art continues to be of interest to anyone who thinks seriously about art, as well as to philosophers, aestheticians, and art historians.

In The Sleepwalkers and The Act of Creation Arthur Koestler provided pioneering studies of scientific discovery and artistic inspiration, the twin pinnacles of human achievement. The Ghost in the Machine looks at the dark side of the coin: our terrible urge to self-destruction... Could the human species be a gigantic evolutionary mistake? To answer that startling question Koestler examines how experts on evolution and psychology all too often write about people with an 'antiquated slot-machine model based on the naively mechanistic world-view of the nineteenth century. His brilliant polemic helped to instigate a major revolution in the life sciences, yet its 'glimpses of an alternative world-view' form only the background to an even more challenging analysis of the human predicament. Perhaps, he suggests, we are a species in which ancient and recent brain structures - or reason and emotion - are not fully co-ordinated. Such in-built deficiencies may explain the paranoia, violence and insanity that are central strands of human history. And however disturbing we find such issues, Koestler contends, it is only when we face our limitations head-on that we can hope to find a remedy.

"This outstanding collection of essays explores Hannah Arendt's thought against the background of recent world-political events unfolding since September 11, 2001, and engages in a contentious dialogue with one of the greatest political thinkers of the past century, with the conviction that she remains one of our contemporaries. Themes such as moral and political equality, action and natality, and judgment and freedom are reevaluated with fresh insights by a group of thinkers who are themselves well known for their original contributions to political thought. Other essays focus on novel and little-discussed themes in the literature by highlighting Arendt's views of sovereignty, international law and genocide, nuclear weapons and revolutions, imperialism and Eurocentrism, and her contrasting images of Europe and America. Each essay displays not only superb Arendt scholarship but also stylistic flair and analytical tenacity"--