First published in 1988, The Crisis of Marxist Ideology in Eastern Europe states that since de-Stalinisation began in Eastern Europe, the 'dead hand' of institutional Marxism has been eroded by revisionist Marxism, with the turn to young Marx and the philosophy of human emancipation to undermine prevailing orthodoxies. But this revisionism clung to the old socialist dogmas and refused a total break with the system, and the effort eventually failed. The result was the emergence of a dissident counterculture rejecting the system entirely. Independent social movements (such as unofficial peace groups and trade unions like Solidarity) have given this counterculture a major role in Eastern Europe, whilst the ruling elites have responded with confusion. Tismaneanu concludes that the only hope for the anti-totalitarian intellectuals of Eastern Europe is to oppose the regimes with non-Marxist ideas - otherwise they will be permanently reduced to the status of a hopeless, albeit heroic minority. This book will be of interest to students of economics, political science and international relations.

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This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can usually download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1906 edition. Excerpt: ... THE TRADE FALLACY In the first of these addresses I endeavoured to bring out the essential difference between the individual and the public point of view in economics--a difference as profound, I suggested, as that between the old Ptolemaic system of astronomy, which regarded the earth as the fixed centre of the universe, and the Copernican, which fixed the centre, at any rate of our planetary system, in the sun--and to show that the recognition of this distinction at once destroys the whole general argument in favour of laisser faire in economics as in any other department of human activity. Last time I examined the Free Trade or Orthodox theory of production and the arguments against interference, by tariff or otherwise, based upon it, and showed how the same fallacy of mixing up the individual and public aspect of economic issues underlay it. But in this case the fallacy was not so easy to detect, as it lay, not so much in the argument itself as in the use of the terms employed, especially in the use of the word "capital." I devoted some time to analysing the "terminological inexactitude" of Adam Smith, and of his school, and to showing that the whole of their main argument against protective regulations is based on the assumption that the volume of the national industry is determined by a fixed inelastic quantity of "capital" in the same way as the individual manufacturer's enterprise is limited by the fixed capital he can save or borrow. I showed, too, that the same individualist fallacy in a slightly different form underlies the Free Trade conception of population as a fixed number of individuals looking out for the most profitable employments available at the moment, instead of what it really is, when looked at broadly, an elastic...