A brief biography of the Polish doctor, author, founder of orphanages, and promoter of children's rights, who lost his life trying to protect his orphans from the Nazis.

Janina Bauman was a year older than Anne Frank when the Second World War began but, unlike The Diary of Anne Frank, this is a story of survival. When Hitler's decree forced her family into the Warsaw Ghetto, Janina, an intelligent, lively girl, suddenly found herself in a cramped flat, hiding with other Jewish families. At first even curfews and the casual cruelty meted out by the German occupiers could not dim her passion for books, boys and romance. Then came the raids, and Janina, with her sister and mother, had to keep on the move, hiding in the ruins of the ghetto to avoid being one of thousands rounded up every day and deported to the camps. Their escape to the 'Aryan' side was followed by two years in hiding, taking shelter with those willing to help them and living in constant fear of betrayal. Told through her teenage diaries, giving her story a rare immediacy, this is the extraordinary tale of a passionate young woman's courage and survival.

Intended for children, relates the Holocaust experiences of Froim Baum, born in Warsaw in April 1926. After his father died in 1932, his mother was left with seven children. Froim, the youngest, was placed in Janusz Korczak's orphanage. While in the ghetto, he was active in crossing to the Aryan side and smuggling food into the ghetto for his family and friends. When the orphanage was liquidated, Baum happened to be visiting his mother and was not taken away with the other children. The Baum family then escaped from the ghetto to Plonsk, but were arrested there and deported to Auschwitz and other camps. Froim was liberated in Dachau; only two of his brothers survived.

Memoirs of a Jew from Warsaw (1911-2000). He studied music in Berlin, and from 1933 worked as a pianist for the Polish radio. Describes the Nazi occupation of Warsaw and the anti-Jewish laws. In the early period of the ghetto, Szpilman worked as a pianist in one of the ghetto's cafés. In summer 1942, during the mass deportation, he was saved by a member of the Jewish police. After the abortive ghetto uprising in January 1943, he went over to the "Aryan side" and was helped by Poles, mainly prewar acquaintances. During the Warsaw uprising in summer-fall 1944, he was rescued by a German officer, Wilm Hosenfeld. Pp. 191-208 contain excerpts from Hosenfeld's diary, in which he describes the genocide of Jews in Warsaw. Pp. 209-222 contain an epilogue by Wolf Biermann, relating the story of Hosenfeld - he had saved a number of Poles and Jews even before he met Szpilman; he died in Soviet captivity.

A detailed biography of Janusz Korczak (1878-1942) - doctor, teacher, writer and educational theorist - who was deported along with the children of his orphanage in August 1942 from the Warsaw ghetto to Treblinka, where they perished.

Roma Ben-Atar resisted until late in life the urging of her family to share the memories of her Nazi-era experiences. The Holocaust exerted a dark pressure on all of their lives but was never openly discussed. It was only when her granddaughter insisted on hearing the whole truth, with a directness partly generational, that Mrs. Ben-Atar agreed to tell her story. What Time and Sadness Spared is a journey of both loss and endurance, moving with shocking speed from a carefree adolescence in upper-middle-class Warsaw to the horrors of the Final Solution. The young girl sees her neighborhood transformed into a ghetto populated by skeletal figures both alive and dead. Unbelievably, things only grow worse as this ruin gives way to the death factories of Majdanek and Auschwitz and the death marches of 1945. Life in the camps changes her in less than a day, as if "the person in my body was a stranger I had never met." Her only consolation is to lie on her wooden bunk, no mattress, and speak to the soul of her mother, who, like virtually her entire family, had already been swept away. Roma must summon astonishing powers of adaptation simply to survive, bringing her finally through the wreckage of postwar Europe and to an entirely new life in Israel. In this unique family collaboration Roma Ben-Atar's son Doron, a historian who brings with him fluency in psychoanalysis, contributes through his commentary an awareness of the difficulties presented by historical narrative and memory. A visitor to the much-changed sites in which his mother grew up and was interned by the Nazis, he also voices the perspective of the survivors' children and their ambivalence over being "protected" from this past. As the generation that endured the camps passes from this world, What Time and Sadness Spared illustrates with particular urgency the historical responsibilities of the survivors' descendants, who must become the new vessels for a story that will not remain alive on its own but demands our courage and curiosity.

Memoirs of a Jew born in 1920 in Warsaw; in 1930 he and his parents emigrated to the USA. Ch. 5 (pp. 115-143), "On the Edge of the Volcano, " contains, inter alia, recollections of and reflections on antisemitism in Poland in the 1920s.