Harry Levin is one of the major literary critics in America. This book is a brilliant and original study of the whole world of comedy, concentrating on playwrights through the centuries, from Aristophanes and Plautus in classical times to Bernard Shaw and Bertolt Brecht and their recent successors. Theories about the subject of comedy have abounded, but they have generally been divorced from theatrical practice. The alternative--discussions of plays and playwrights, without defining or analyzing the problems they have in common--is also unsatisfying. Moreover, many critics, in trying to make the subject of humor "respectable" have treated the subject humorlessly, while others have succumbed to the temptation to be flip. Levin views the comic repertory as a richly variegated but broadly unified whole and provides a synthesis of theory and practice plus a further synthesis of theories heretofore regarded as conflicting. He isolated two fundamental aspects of comedy: one centers on the ludicrous (irresponsible, irreverent) "playboy" whom we laugh with, and the other on the ridiulous (pretentious, forbidding) "killjoy", whom we laugh at. Levin traces the dialectical interplay of these components throughout history and across various cultures and media. He places strong emphasis on such major dramatists as Shakespeare, Ben Jonson, Molière, and William Congreve. He comments on the nature and theory of comedy as enunciated by such famous figures as George Meredith and Henri Bergson, and includes essays on such related ideas as humor, satire, and games; but the emphasis throughout is on the plays and on the stage, with incidental reference to comedians like Charlie Chaplin and the Marx Brothers. About the Author: Harry Levin is Irving Babbitt Professor of Comparative Literature Emeritus at Harvard University. His many books include The Question of Hamlet and Shakespeare and the Revolution of the Times.

This textbook aims to provide, in accessible form, a full history of Jewish religion and tradition. Within a broad outline of the history and religion of the Jewish people, this volume highlights cultural and spiritual developments which have shaped Jewish self-consciousness through the centuries. Beginning with an account of the history and religion of the ancient Near East, the book focuses on the influence of ancient Near Eastern civilization on the Hebrew scriptures. This discussion is followed by an outline of ancient Israelite history, emphasizing the role of the patriarchs, the exodus from Egypt, the rise of monarchy and the emergence of prophecy. The book then examines later biblical history, the development of Judaism in Hellenistic times, and the emergence of classical Rabbinic literature and theology. The Medieval period in Islamic and Christian lands is also investigated, giving special attention to the rise of Jewish philosophy, theology and mysticism. Turning to the modern period, the rise of Hasidism is examined as is the emergence of religious reform. Finally, the study concentrates on the development of Jewry in the 19th and 20th centuries, and concludes with a discussion of the future of Judaism as a living faith. Through this overview of the Jewish heritage, the reader is asked to approach Judaism in an appreciative spirit - to examine sympathetically its beliefs, doctrines and ideals in an historic context. The book aims to provide both factual information about the development of the Jewish tradition and a survey of a range of Jewish issues through the centuries to the present day.