This study begins with a brief survey of economic thought on the relationship between foreign trade and national power, from the Mercantilists on. Chapter II attempts a systematic theoretical approach to the subject. It first makes clear the fundamental basis of the possible use of foreign trade as an instrument of national power policy. Using well-known concepts of economic analysis, it proceeds to show under what conditions and by means of what policies this instrument is likely to attain its highest efficiency. The principles of power policy thus deduced theoretically are then compared with the actual practices followed by German trading methods in recent years. Toward the end of this chapter the reader will be carried into a detailed discussion of certain problems of the theory of international trade, which are touched upon earlier in the chapter. Chapter III is applied to the historical background of our problem. It gives a survey of the literature on "economic aggression" before and during World War I and brings out the importance of the Paris Economic Conference of the Allies in 1916 for the Versailles Treaty and postwar economic policies. In Chapter IV we review in the light of our theoretical and historical analyses certain safeguards or remedies which could be or have been proposed to prevent the use of foreign trade as an instrument of national power policies. Certain questions raised in Part 1 can be answered in quantitative terms. Part 2 consists, therefore, of an exposition of various trends of international trade in recent years disclosed by statistical analysis. In Chapter V we calculate an index number expressing the extent to which the trade of the large trading nations is or has been directed by preference toward the smaller trading countries. Chapter VI gives index numbers for the degree of concentration of their foreign trade on one or a few big markets or sources of supply. Finally, in Chapter VII we measure the extent to which world trade has been based primarily on an exchange of manufactures against raw materials and foodstuffs. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1945, with an expanded edition published in 1980.

Explores the structural and political relations of the Atlantic trade in the 18th century

The UNESCO International Bioethics Committee is an international body that sets standards in the field of bioethics. This collection represents the contributions of the IBC to global bioethics. The IBC is a body of 36 independent experts that follows progress in the life sciences and its applications in order to ensure respect for human dignity and freedom. Currently, some of the topics of the IBC contributions have been discussed in the bioethics literature, mostly journal articles. However, this is a unique contribution by the scholars who developed these universal declarations and reports. The contributors have not only provided a scholarly up to date discussion of their research topics, but as members of the IBC they have also discussed specific practical challenges in the development of such international documents. This book will be suited to academics within bioethics, health care policy and international law.

""The Berlin Crisis and the United Nations"" is a comprehensive analysis of the events that led to the Berlin Crisis in 1961 and the role played by the United Nations in resolving the conflict. Written by Louis Henkin, a renowned international law expert, the book provides a detailed account of the political and diplomatic maneuverings that took place during this critical period of the Cold War.Henkin begins by tracing the origins of the Berlin Crisis to the end of World War II and the division of Germany. He then examines the various attempts made by the Soviet Union to gain control over West Berlin, including the imposition of a blockade in 1948. The author goes on to describe the response of the United States and its allies, including the airlift that provided vital supplies to the city during the blockade.The book then turns to the events of 1961, when the Soviet Union erected the Berlin Wall, effectively cutting off West Berlin from the rest of the world. Henkin analyzes the response of the United States and its allies, including the deployment of troops to West Berlin and the threat of military action.The second half of the book focuses on the role played by the United Nations in resolving the crisis. Henkin examines the various resolutions passed by the UN Security Council and the General Assembly, as well as the efforts of UN Secretary-General Dag Hammarskj������ld to mediate between the two sides. The author also discusses the impact of the crisis on the United Nations and its role in international relations.Overall, ""The Berlin Crisis and the United Nations"" provides a detailed and insightful analysis of one of the defining moments of the Cold War. Henkin's expertise in international law and his firsthand knowledge of the events make this book an essential read for anyone interested in the history of the Cold War, international relations, and the role of the United Nations in resolving conflicts.This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the old original and may contain some imperfections such as library marks and notations. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions, that are true to their original work.